Artificial Insemination (AI) / Married Inject

Artificial insemination is the placement of sperm into the ovarian follicle (intrafollicular), uterus (intrauterine), cervix (intracervical), or fallopian tube (intratubal) women using artificial means rather than by natural copulation.

Modern techniques for artificial insemination were first developed for the cattle industry to make a lot of cows pregnant by a bull to increase milk production.

(Source: Wikipedia)

The purpose of Artificial Insemination
Improve the genetic quality of livestock;
Does not require superior males to take place is needed thus reducing costs;
Optimizing the use of superior males seeds more widely in the longer term;
Increase the birth rate quickly and regularly;
Prevent the transmission / spread of venereal disease.

Benefits of Artificial Insemination (AI)
Save costs maintenance of male cattle;
Can regulate livestock well spacing;
Prevent the occurrence of inbreeding in beef cattle females (inbreeding);
With good equipment and technology that can store sperm in a long time;
Frozen semen can still be used for a few years later, although the males have died;
Avoid accidents that often occur at the time of marriage because of physical stud is too big;
Avoiding the spread of livestock diseases, especially diseases that are transmitted by sexual contact.
Inseminator
Is a secondary technical personnel who have been educated and certified as inseminator from the government (in this case the Department of Animal Husbandry).

Artificial Insemination Service Officer
Artificial insemination services performed by Inseminator who already have permits to do insemination (SIM) with active systems, passive and semi-active.

When inseminator not have a SIM then the responsibility falls on their results Livestock Service where he worked.

Reporting on the implementation of artificial insemination (AI) following the guidelines as follows:
Inseminator fill in the date of execution of Artificial Insemination (AI) first, second, third and so on note cards Artificial Insemination (AI) each acceptor
Inseminator must report the number of cows that do not lust after artificial insemination (AI) first (possibly pregnant) and the venue and a breeder of cattle / livestock are new in artificial insemination (AI) to the inspecting officer of gestation
Inseminator must report the number of cows that "repeat breeders" (cows that have been in the Artificial Insemination (AI) more than three times and not pregnant) to the Assistant Technical Reproduction.

Inseminator main task is to:

Receive reports from livestock owners about the cow lust and fulfill the call properly and timely
Handles tools and materials as well as possible artificial insemination
To identify the acceptor Artificial Insemination (AI) and charge card participants Artificial Insemination (AI);
Carry out artificial insemination (AI) in cattle;
Creating a report on the implementation of Artificial Insemination (AI) and submitted to the leadership of SPT IB
To simplify the reporting / query service Artificial Insemination (AI) it must be made a reporting system is simple, fast, easy and cheap. Grid report, the flag in front of the house / cage, cards and other lechery is some communication systems that have been executed at several places in Indonesia. Each region has different circumstances, so that's make a deal with the acceptor on ways of good communication to be mutually agreed. Commitment to abide by the decision also required.
IB officers (inseminator) may only menginseminasi if females in heat only. If females are not in heat, IB officers should notify the breeder and asked him to consider lust symptoms better.

Anatomy and Physiology of female genital
Puberty (genital maturation / mature sex) occurs due to activity in the ovary (ovary), the age of puberty in cows is between 7-18 months, or with weight loss has reached more than 75% of adult weight. The speed achieved depends on the age of sexual maturity:

Type / nation cows;
Nutrient
When the amount and nutritional content of food less the amount or quality, then sexual maturity take longer to achieve, this is due to underweight;
Weather
In tropical regions such as Indonesia, the age of sexual maturity faster / younger
Disease
Because it affects the growth and development of weight, especially when attacking the genitals, then the most likely age of sexual maturity more slowly achieved.

Cycle lust in normal cows is usually repeated every 21 days, with an interval between 17-24 days.

Lechery cycle will stop temporarily in the circumstances:
Prior to sexual maturity;

During gestation;

Post-partum period.
Lechery cycle is divided into four stages, and vary in each animal species. Stages and duration of the cow can be found below:

Estrus
At this stage the cow is ready to marry (either natural or IB). Ovulation occurs 15 hours after estrus completed. This long period in cattle is 12-24 hours.

Proestrus
Time before estrus. This stage can be seen, because it is marked with a cow looks nervous and sometimes cows are mounted other cows. The duration of three days.

Metaestrus
Time after estrus ended, folikelnya cook, then ovulation occurs followed by the growth / formation of the corpus luteum (yellow body). This long period of 3-5 days.

Diestrus
Time after metaestrus, the corpus luteum produces the hormone progesterone increases and.
This period is the longest ongoing because it deals with the development and maturation of yellow bodies, namely 13 days.

At the moment the situation is reached sexual maturity, activity in the ovary (ovary) begins. Time of estrus, ova released by the ovaries. After ovulation occurs, the former site of the ovary was filled with special cells and form what is called the corpus luteum (yellow body)

Corpus luteum is formed during the seven days, and lasted for 17 days and after that time decreases again because there is a hormone (prostaglandin) which damage the corpus luteum and prevent its growth for a relatively long period of time (during gestation).

Apart form the egg cell, ovary / ovaries also produce hormones, namely:
Before ovulation: the hormone estrogen;
After ovulation the corpus luteum in the ovary to produce: the hormone progesterone
These hormones control (give range) lechery cycle events in the ovary.

Implementation of Artificial Insemination (AI)

Preliminary examination
Detection of lust right is key to the success of Artificial Insemination, next is the speed and accuracy of the service itself is carried out artificial insemination. To simplify, as usual benchmark is done as follows:


First visible signs of lust must be inseminated on the Late
On the same morning the next day
That afternoon the next day (morning and afternoon at the latest) after 15:00 hours the next day

Service delays Artificial Insemination (AI) will result in loss of time long enough. The distance between a desire to desire the next is approximately 21 days has elapsed, so that if one desire then we still have to wait 21 days to carry out artificial insemination (AI) next. Failure of pregnancy after the implementation of artificial insemination (AI) will also result in wastage of time wasted, in addition to material and immaterial losses due to wastage of liquid cement and tool implementation Artificial Insemination (AI) and wasting a good transportation costs for reporting and providing postal services of Artificial Insemination (AI ) to where the cow was lust.

Alerts - sign lust in cows are:

restless cattle
often shout
likes to climb and climb another
vulva: swollen, red, feels warm when touched (3 A in the Java language: brother, abuh, anget, or three B in Sundanese: beureum, Bareuh, Baseuh)
from the vulva, clear out the mucus that colorless
decreased appetite
Symptoms - symptoms of this desire should be noted at least two times a day by livestock owners. If the signs of lust has appeared so livestock owners should not defer to the officer report to the cow inseminator can still get service Artificial Insemination (AI) in a timely manner. Virgin cows showed symptoms are generally more clear than the cow that had been childless.

Doing Time Artificial Insemination (AI)
At the time of artificial insemination (AI) of cattle must be in a state of lust, because at that time the cervical canal (cervical) in the open position.

The possibility of conception (of gestation) when inseminated at certain periods of lust has been calculated by experts, estimates are:
lust beginning: 44%
mid-lust: 82%
end of lechery: 75%
6 hours after lechery: 62.5%
12 hours after lechery: 32.5%
18 hours after lechery: 28%
24 hours after lechery: 12%

Factors - Factors Cause Low gestation
Factors - factors that cause low percentage of gestation were:
Fertility and the ugly of frozen semen quality / low;
Inseminator less / unskilled;
Farmer / rancher is not / less skilled at detecting lust;
Late reporting and / or services Inseminator slow;
Possibility of reproductive disorders / health of cows.
It is clear that the most important factor is the detection of lust, because lust signs often occur at night. Therefore, farmers are expected to monitor the incidence of lust with either way:
Noting the desire of all cow cycles females (virgin and adult);
IB officers should be socialized in ways to detect signs of lust.

One simple and inexpensive ways to help farmers to detect heat, is to give the paint on the tail, when the cows get married (lust) will paint a dirty / faded / vanished because of friction due to be climbed by another female.
Handling the field of reproduction is a complicated task. He needs a cooperation and coordination between personnel comprising veterinarians, scholars such as farms and medium personnel inseminator, the inspector of gestation, the technical assistant of reproduction. Coordination is also not the only area of expertise but also on the level of bureaucracy for implementation of artificial insemination (AI) is still through projects financed by the government so that the bureaucracy still plays a major role here. Coordination of the various levels of bureaucracy that usually always highlighted by the negative by field workers and farmers. Keterbuakaan is the key to the overall success of this program.

Synchronization Birahi
In some government projects, often carried out artificial insemination crash-course in which at one time the same should be done but not all of insemination female lust at the same time. Therefore should be implemented so-called synchronization lust.
Basically, the synchronization of lust is an effort to induce the desire to use the hormone progesterone. Synthetic hormone preparations are usually of this type of prostaglandin F2a. Trade names most often encountered in Indonesia was Enzaprost F.
Synchronization is expensive because of lust hormones high prices and transportation costs and other expenses related to field officers.

Apikasi way to penyerentakkan lust hormones are as follows:
Carry out the first hormone injections, make sure that:
Recipient cows must be healthy and not thin (kaheksia);
Cows not pregnant within a state, when the cows were pregnant and then miscarried penyerentakkan done lechery will happen.
Perform a second hormone injections with an interval of 11 days after the first injection;
Sexual arousal will occur two to four days after the second injection.

Artificial Insemination procedures are as follows:
Before carrying out artificial insemination procedures (IB), the cement must be thawed (thawed) in advance with the issue of frozen semen from liquid nitrogen and put in warm water or put it under running water. A good temperature for thawing is 37oC. So cement / straw is inserted in the body of water with a temperature of 37 oC, for 7-18 seconds.
After dithawing, straw removed from the water and then dried with a tissue.
Then the straw is inserted in the gun, and a protruding end is cut with clean scissors
Plastic sheath after it is inserted in the gun that already contains frozen semen / straw
Cow prepared (included) in a cage clamp, the tail bound
Officers Artificial Insemination (AI) use gloves (glove) on the hand that will be inserted into the rectum
Hand officers Artificial Insemination (AI) is inserted into the rectum, to be able to reach and hold the cervix (cervical), if in the rectum much dirt must be removed first
Cement injected / sprayed on the body of the uterus is in an area called the 'fourth position'. After all procedures are implemented then remove it from the uterus and cervical gun slowly. (Source: vet-clinic)

How to Care calf

Development of dairy cow breeding has enormous potential in order to reduce dependence on imports and imported milk products of dairy cows. Breeding dairy cattle is dependent on successful calf rearing program as a replacement stock.


Development of dairy cow breeding has enormous potential in order to reduce dependence on imports and imported milk products of dairy cows. Breeding dairy cattle is dependent on successful calf rearing program as a replacement stock.

Calf is a new-born calves until the age of 8 months. New-born calf requires special care, precision, accuracy and persistence compared with the maintenance of adult cattle. Maintenance calf from birth to weaning is an important part in the continuity of a dairy farm business. Errors in handling and maintenance at a young calf with the age of 0-3 weeks can cause suffocation calf at birth, weakness, infection and difficult upbringing.

Optimal maintenance management calf at birth is necessary to obtain a cow that has a high production and productivity are ready to replace the cow that was not producing again, both as a parent and pemacek. Maintenance calf from birth handling, giving the identity, the pattern of feeding, monitoring of growth and body weight gain, prevention and treatment of diseases, as well as cleanliness and facilities cages until 8 month-old calf, calf greatly affect the success achieved as a candidate for prime seeds in the business dairy cattle.

With proper handling and care will be mengoptimalakan calf performance that will really ready to replace cow replacement stock that is no longer in production. According Muljana (1996), calf that should be preserved and hold each year for renewal is 30% of the total parent population.


To produce a calf that is strong enough one way the cow is pregnant for at least six weeks before lambing is dried and cows are fed with special and good enough quality and quantity. After the calf is born, is a very critical period. Therefore, calves should be given the best attention (Muljana, 1982).

Calf maintenance management is one part of the process of creating a quality cows. For it so it will need proper handling from the cow's birth until the age of virgin cows. There are a few things to note are:

1. Handling calf at birth

Handling calf at birth parent can not be done when played key roles. This is to keep the nature or behavior of the animals did not terusak. Assistance can be provided with appropriate measures such animal behavior. First clean up all the mucus in the mouth and nose are likewise contained in his body, using a towel (cloth) of the net. Create artificial respiration if the calf could not breathe. Then cut the umbilical cord 10 cm long and smeared with iodine to prevent infection and then tied. Give dry hay as the base. And do not forget to give colostrum as soon as possible no later than 30 minutes after birth (Imron, 2009).

2. Feeding

Child Feeding Cow / calf is expected as closely as possible to get the optimal nutrient intake. Good nutrition as calves will still give a positive value at weaning, virgin and ready to be prime seeds. So that optimal productivity can be achieved.

a. Digestion Process At Cow calf.

According to Imron 2009, to be able to implement the feeding program at the calf, it's good we must first understand the composition and development of the calf digestive tools. The development of this digestive tool that will guide how the steps of feeding the right. Since birth the calf has had four ventrally, namely: Rumen (stomach towels), Reticulum (stomach nets), omasum (book abdomen) and abomasum (true stomach). At first when the cow was born, which has functioned only abomasum, abomasum capacity of approximately 60% and 8% when it eventually becomes an adult.

In contrast to the original rumen 25% changed to 80% as adults. Time will only consume a small calf milk little by little and gradually the calf will consume calf starter (concentrates for the initial growth will be nutrient dense, low in crude fiber and soft-textured) and then study consume grass.

b. Types of Material Feeding Calf / calf

Type of feedstuffs for calves can be classified into two namely:

1. Feed liquid / liquid: colostrum, normal milk, milk replacer

Colostrum Colostrum is the milk from the udder issued a new birth, kekunig-brass colored and thicker than normal milk. Composition of colostrum:

· Colostrum contains more energy, more protein content 6X, 100x for vitamin A and 3x richer in minerals than normal milk

· Containing enzymes capable of bluffing cells in calf digestion tool that can function as soon as possible (remove digestive enzymes).

· Colostrum contains very little lactose, so reducing the risk of diarrhea. Contain trypsin inhibitors, so that antibodies can be absorbed in the form of the protein. Colostrum is rich in antibodies that serve to protect the substance of the newborn calf from infectious diseases.

· Colostrum can also inhibit the growth of the bacteria E. coli in the calf intestine (because it contains lactoferrin) within the first 24 hours.

Colostrum Quality: Color and thickness shows the quality (thicker and more yellowish it will be better, because the rich will imonoglobulin). Colostrum quality will be low if: Old dry pregnant mother, less than 3-4 weeks, continue milking the cow until the time of delivery. The parent is too young cow, udder and teats are not immediately cleaned during childbirth or when will be milked (Soetarno, 2003).

Substitute Milk or Milk Replacer (PAS) In phase for calf feeding, cow milk can be replaced using the original Milk Replacer / PAS. Milk Replacer to provide good quality weigh the same as if given breast milk until the age of 4 weeks. However, sometimes a cow giving milk replacer resulted in slow sexual maturity and obesity often leads to the calf. Milk replacer is either made from raw materials that come from good milk products such as skim milk, whey, milk fat and cereals in limited quantities. Milk replacer should be given at the calf aged between 3-5 weeks and should not be given to calves aged less than two weeks. Calf aged less than two weeks has not been able to digest the starch and protein-patian than casein (milk protein).

2. Feed solid / dry: beginner concentrates (calf starter) and forage.

Feeding Management of Early / Beginner (Calf Starter) Provision of calf starter can be started from the calf 2-3 weeks (recognition phase). The provision is intended to familiarize the calf starter calf can consume solid feed and can accelerate the process of weaning until the age of 4 weeks. But for the cows - cattle breeding and the prospective donor is less expected early weaning. Weaning (cessation of breast milk) can be done if the calf has been able to consume calf starter konsetrat 0.5 - 0.7 kg kg / head / day or on calf weight 60 kg or around age 1-2 months.

Benchmark for good quality calf starter is able to provide 0.5 kg body weight / day over a period of eight weeks. Required quality calf starter: Coarse Protein 18-20%, TDN 75-80%, Ca and P, 2 to 1, the condition of fresh, palatable, craked (Imron, 2009).

Feeding Management of Forage Provision of forage to the calf is still nursing, just to be introduced only in order to stimulate growth in the rumen. Forages are in fact not be digested properly and has not contributed in supplying nutrients. Introducing giving hay / grass since calf aged 2-3 weeks.

· Provide a good quality grass is finely textured.

· Do not give silage in the calf (often moldy), in addition to calf has not been able to utilize a lot of acid and NPN contained in the silage.

· Consumption of forage have started a lot after entering the weaning phase.

Housing system

Calf is born in good health and a healthy parent in the mash in a cage together with the parent, given the bulkhead so that movement is limited calf. Expected calf got milk ad libitum, so that nutrients are met. Also calf can begin to know their food is the parent who would become his daily feed calves after weaning.

This treatment must be in good control in order to reduce accidents both on the calf or the parent. For a sore calf, calf separated from its parent and in care until healed so that calf is ready to return in the mash with a parent or other parent who is still nursing. During the calf in the treatment of milk supplied by farmers in accordance with the age and weight (Imron, 2009).

According Soetarno 2003, during 3-4 days after birth belumdipisahkan Usually the calf from its mother, in order to obtain colostrum buffer completely. After that, the calf were placed in rearing cages, either cage observation (observation pens), stable individuals (individual pens), as well as the stable group (group pens). Here the calf began to be trained to consume food supplements.

Handling Sickness

1. Diarrhea (Diarrhoea)

A disease that is often encountered in calf diarrhea. Calf diarrhea is still quite scary because they often result in death. According Kurniawan 2009, if the calf lost more than 15% body fluid, he will experience tremendous stress and result in death. Among the many causes of diarrhea in calves, handling at birth, lack of sanitation, disinfection of the navel and a bad calf barn, is the main cause. Calf is an investment for most farmers benefit only from calf sales.

There are several steps to cope with diarrhea in the calf with the following steps:

Improve calf body fluids. Namely by providing a liquid electrolyte / ORS and milk alternately. And also reduce the consumption of milk because milk may stimulate banteri follow-up.

· Providing antibiotics for 80% of diarrhea caused by bacterial infection, then add the Vitamin C as an antistress. If the calf does not want to eat, it must be added multivitamin and antipyretic if the body temperature more than 39.5 Celsius.

Improve the condition of the cage into the cage clean and dry because of bad sanitation, potentially aggravating the infection.
· Immediately separate the calf is infected with another calf to prevent transmission.
· Watching every moment conditions to ensure the calf remains active.

2. Wormy

According Tuimin 2009, Dr. Setiawan Drh Drh Koesdarto and Dr. Sri Subekti from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, and Dr. Herra Studiawan from the Faculty of Pharmacy Airlangga University states, Toxocara vitulorum, a worm askarid. Adult stages are often found in the calf (calf). As a result of worms disease (toxocariasis), is pressing the productivity of livestock, means the economic burden for farmers in a prolonged if not controlled.

Efforts to control according to them is not yet clear, this is due to the unavailability of information about the state of toxocariasis in the calf. Availability of worm medicine, generally only efficacious against adult stage, less nutritious for stage larvae and eggs.

This is because the cattle can be sold at any time if necessary. Ownership of cattle other than meat also produce fertilizer, as well as skin and bone have the potential to be developed in industry and handicrafts.

Nevertheless parasitic worm disease, particularly gastrointestinal nematodes has been reported Disnak Java. According to Simon and Syahrial and Putra Gunawan and diseases often found in the calf is a disorder of intestinal parasites.

One type of intestinal parasites are often reported to attack a young calf is toxocariasis. This worm parasites cause substantial losses, it can even lead to death in calf. Toxocariasis is a disease that is usually found in tropical countries with high humidity.

Calf is a new-born calves until the age of 8 months. During 3-4 days after birth calf must get colostrum from its mother, because the calf has no antibodies to resistance to disease. Once separated from the parent, then the calf to consume dietary supplements trained little by little so pertumbuhanya optimal.

Calf maintenance management includes initial treatment, after birth, feeding (colostrum and supplements), perkandangannya and handling system to disease.

Calf maintenance management should be more attention to the breeder, given tinggkat death and high resistance to disease. Besides cattle calf is the replacement stock which of course can be used as a substitute for cattle less than optimal production.

Estimating fun Animal Sacrifice

Assess performance, and the Age of Cattle Weights

Buying and selling of sacrificial animals in practice is mostly done by means assessed. Enough potential consumers view (check) by visually observing the performance of sacrificial animals and when deemed appropriate, transactions were so.

To get the manly ideal sacrificial animals, healthy, old enough and have the desired weight should be done through physical examination (antemortem) in detail. Similarly, to ensure accurate weight or age appropriate levels of livestock and livestock note cards animal life history (recording) is similar birth certificate.

However, expect all the above in animal traders in the street offering something that is almost impossible. Animal weighing quite heavy and expensive, usually owned by large corporate farms. While our farmers are not used to recording (recording) on his own cattle, so the age of cattle is difficult to know.

However, we do not need a pessimist. The technique used to estimate livestock carried by the broker and the researchers tested-tried out in fact gave results close to actual conditions of animals. By way of estimating, physical condition, body weight, and age of animal sacrifice can be immediately known as a condition of validity of worship offerings.

In essence, once we arrived at the location of the sale of sacrificial animals, we are faced with the estimating process, ie, see, observe and inspect the physical condition of the sacrificial animals are visually. To be more objective examination, the examiner should be about 1-2 feet from the object. Animals should be placed on the flat. When positioned at a higher location than the checker will impress greater. Conversely looked smaller when placed on the lower ground.

With visual observation alone, animal sacrifice can be seen from the aspect of health: healthy, sick or disabled. Healthy animals is characterized by the standard body shape (normal), eyes clear, mercurial temperament, appetite is good - try to provide forage - and bright color. Conversely symptoms of sick animals can be observed looking mucus on the eyes, nose, or anus; look in his eyes glazed; thin because of low appetite, and slow movements. This needs to be watched, because even though Indonesia declared free of disease mouth and nails (1986) and mad cow (2002), but have not been free of other zoonotic diseases are anthrax. Some areas still endemic diseases caused by bacteria this Bachillus anthracis.

For the animal sacrifice, the Prophet SAW forbade animals with disabilities. Horn broken, limp or foot drop ears can be seen visually. While animals with blind conditions can be tried with a wave of palms near his eyes, if not blink then ascertained blind and are not valid for sacrificial animals.

estimating the weight and age

When observed, the cross section resembles the body of cattle and sheep geometric shapes such as tubes. To find the volume of the tube must be known to the base area and height. In this case, the animal's chest circumference can be assumed as a wide base and the length of the body as high. Chest circumference was obtained by wrapping a rope behind Withers through the back of the shoulder blade. While body length measured from shoulder to two herniated discs sitting. By considering the volume of the organ's head, legs, tail, and the density of the meat or offal derived approach would be to obtain the actual weight of the animal.

Through various experiments, Schoorl found a formula to determine weight by simply knowing a single component, ie, chest circumference. The formula was named after his own name that is the formula Schoorl Body Weight (kg) = (chest circumference (cm) + 22) dikuadratkan divided by 100. While adopting the formula Scheiffer display tube with formula, namely, Body Weight (lubels) = (chest circumference (inches) squared x length) (inches) divided by 300. This formula is adjusted by Lambourne to convert into a unit that matches the life of our society, namely, Body Weight (kg) = (chest circumference (cm) squared x length (cm)) divided by 10 840.

Some researchers tried to prove the accuracy of the formulas were tested, tried out on several groups of cows between the weight and the weight crushes the scales. The result Scheiffer and Lambourne formula weight is closer to real beef with the actual error rate below 10 percent. While the formula Schoorl error rate reached 22.3 percent. The difference in the weight calculation is a reasonable living, because the weight of the animal is affected situations and environmental conditions, namely anxiety (stress), after eating, drinking or just waste a lot of feces. Animals are weighed though, due to bad treatment and transportation of the body can cause shrinkage of 50-10%.

With the estimated number of live weight gain, the percentage of carcasses and can be immediately known. Beef carcass weights ranged from 47-57 percent of his life and 75 per cent of the carcass meat. Carcasses are pieces of meat bones without head, feet, skin and viscera. For sheep, the percentage karkasnya around 45 per cent and 75 per cent of the carcass meat. This calculation is very important to be able to estimate the amount of meat compared to the number mustahik (recipient of the meat) as well as price comparisons can be made whether the animal sacrifices that are purchased are too expensive or not than the market price.

Another important capability is very important as estimating the condition of validity of estimating the age of sacrificial animals. Age of cattle can be detected based on the composition of dental teeth. Ask the seller to show the composition of incisors (located in the lower jaw). When the adult incisors have grown (looks big and strong like a hatchet, small teeth like a comb corn), then the animal is deemed mature / old enough (musinnah). In sheep and goats this change occurs at age 1 to 1.5 years and cows from 2 to 2.5 years.

The ability of this estimate will be better and more accurate results when frequently sharpened. For those who have advanced like a broker or a basket of animals, animal estimating activity enough judging from the car or motorcycle. At best they simply ran back to determine the fat or thin. Besides fun, the activities can also estimate the sacrificial animals selected convince us the perfect fit so that the principal provisions of sacrificial worship can double the reward us in His presence. (**)

ciri-ciri sapi sehat

These are the signs of health cows/ciri ciri sapi sehat :

• Having clean eyes and not wet eyes
• Its sound loudly
• Can walk fast
• Eat the grass voracious
• Can standing straighten

Milking cows

Various ways to be children - children like to drink milk. One of them as do dozens of students Kindergarten - Kanak in Batu, East Java to fill the holidays. These students travel while learning how to milk the cow and it is quite powerful and stimulating students to drink milk.

Tour that traveled dozens of students Kindergarten - TK Stone Mother's Heart is different from the other. If they are usually brought to the place of the game, but now they were invited to learn Animal Training Body milk. Before the milk direct these students received training in advance of the coaches.

Cuteness starting to look at these students began to squeeze the milk. Because almost all students who will be afraid of cows milked and should be accompanied by a trainer. Although only milk cow, but not easily, not all students can squeeze milk well. Especially at the sight of cows began the motion.

When you're done squeezing milk, these students were given milk to drink already in the process. Tourism dairy milk itself is deliberately held by the Board of Animal Husbandry Training for students Taman Batu Kanak - Kanak. The goal is that students understand how to properly milk the cow, mainly to enable students to drink milk stimulated


http://www.indosiar.com/fokus/66662/liburan-sekolah-anak-anak-belajar-memerah-susu

HOW TO CHOOSE Dairy Cattle

Selecting dairy cattle was conducted in order to select the ideal seed. Common way is to do with observations on cow condition and posture. These observations made must be based on: knowledge, skills, confidence and communication with fellow practitioners.

Therefore, to assess such livestock must be familiar with the parts of the cow's body and the ideal body conformation. Livestock is judged to be healthy and well suited to the type of people, good size, all parts of the body must be combined with the flat, should be feminine and not abusive. Thus, we can determine the comparison between the ideal conditions with the condition of beef cattle that will be our values. Body parts of a cow which approximates the ideal conditions to support the production that will produce. Conditions of these body parts are:

* Head: The head should be attractive with large nostrils. This may reflect the number of feed that can be consumed and the air that can be inhaled through breathing. Sharp eyes and ears should be medium sized. Generally, the head should be refined and further shows the characteristics of dairy cattle than beef cattle.

* Shoulders (Shoulder): Shoulders should be strong but not harsh and flatten with the body. Cows with uneven shoulders indicate less strong in front of the prop body parts of cows.

* Back: The back should be straight and strong. Back of a weak signal in general body weakness.

* Buttocks / Rump and groin (Thurl): Buttocks and thighs should be long and strong to hold the body and udder. Cattle must have hip bones (hips) and the tuberosities (bones pin) for greater capacity and ease of lambing. The tail should be slender and the base of the tail had to chime in with a neat on the buttocks.

* Cow Feet: Legs should be straight, strong, wide enough to support a larger udders, and having a right angle to move.

* Shoulders (withers): Shoulders should be sharper than the upper back. This indicates the absence of fat and often indicated as a good milk producer. The skin should be thin, loose and flexible.

* Body Capacity: refers to the capacity associated with the body frame. Cows with good body capacity has a circumference of chest and abdominal circumference broad. When evaluating cattle have to consider three dimensions, namely length, width, and the cow's chest.

* Udder: udder should be large. This indicates the number of networks of milk secretion. But should not contain non-productive tissue that can limit the network space to produce the milk secretion of milk. The network can be identified by looking for changes in the form of a significant udder after milking. Perlekatannya udder should be well on the stomach to prevent injury to the udder and to easily adapt to the use of a modern dairy machinery. Rear udder (rear udder) must be high and wide. Front quarters must be balanced with the rear quarters, its length is attached to the abdomen. Putting should be uniform in size. Directly attached to the udder to facilitate milking.

source : http://duniasapi.com/cara-memilih-sapi-perah/a5/

Know the characteristics of the Original Beef, Bed Beef and boar meat

How can we choose the beef the original and still fresh? We must recognize the characteristics of the original beef, beef gelonggong, and boar meat.

The beef the original and fresh can be characterized as follows:

1. The flesh is bright red and yellow-colored fat.
2. Chewy meat texture.
3. Usually, the original sale of beef by hanging.

Beef traits gelonggong as follows:

1. Pale-colored flesh.
2. Its texture is soft and quickly decay.
3. Water level very much. If the meat is pressed to remove water.
4. Usually sold in a way digeletakkan on the table (not hang).
5. If boiled, beef gelonggong will shrink more than the original beef.

Boar meat characteristics as follows:

1. More pale-colored flesh.
2. Fiber texture more refined.
3. Thicker fat.
4. The meat contain more water than beef.
5. More fishy aroma of wild boar meat flavor than beef.
6. The price is cheaper.